A Comparison of Socrates’ and Luther’s Ideas of Freedom

Despite a difference of around two millennia, or 2000 years, the claims to freedom of the Greek philosopher Socrates and the German Leader of the Protestant Reformation Martin Luther lend themselves to both similarities and differences.Although there are more differences than similarities, the two works have both not only expressed the dreams and aspirations of these two great man but especially changed the societies in which they lived, although gradually.This paper will discuss the similarities between Socrates’ claims in the Apology and those of Luther in Concerning Christian Liberty. This paper will discuss the similarities between Socrates’ claims to freedom in the Apology and those of Luther in Concerning Christian Liberty.SimilaritiesThe claims of Socrates and Luther to certain freedoms share a few similarities.An Exhortation to Oppose Established Institutions. Both Socrates’ and Luther’s claims for freedom exhorted people to oppose established inst itutions. While Socrates tried to undermine the immoral ways of Athenian society, Luther wanted to expose the defects in the theological bases of the doctrines of the Roman Catholic Church.Socrates, on one hand, criticized Athenian society when he said, â€Å"If there were a law at Athens, such as there is in other cities, that a capital cause should not be decided in one day, then I believe that I should have convinced you† (Apology).And somehow he implied a certain attachment of Athenians to money when he said, â€Å"I tell you that virtue is not given by money, but that from virtue come money and every other good of man, public as well as private.† (Apology)On the other hand, Luther exhorted Christians and Catholics to question the theological basis of the Catholic doctrines. He expressed his opposition when he mentioned every time he mentioned that works were not a path to spiritual salvation but only faith and faith alone. Aside from this, he mentioned that: "†¦it will profit nothing that the body should be adorned with sacred vestments, or dwell in holy places, or be occupied in sacred offices, or pray, fast, and abstain from certain meats, or do whatever works can be done through the body and in the body.† (Luther)DifferencesThe claims of Socrates and Luther to certain freedoms also lend themselves to a number of differences from the notion of their freedoms to the way they have presented their claims.Notion of Freedom. Socrates and Luther were both fighting for different kinds of freedoms.First of all, one of the freedoms that Socrates was fighting for was more of a freedom of expression, or specifically a general freedom to question the logic that operated behind the Athenian justice system. The Athenian Meletus accused Socrates of being â€Å"a doer of evil, and corrupter of the youth, and he does not believe in the gods of the state, and has other new divinities of his own† (Apology).To this accusation, Socratesà ¢â‚¬â„¢ sarcastically claims his freedom of expression by saying, â€Å"If my offence is unintentional, the law has no cognizance of unintentional offences; you ought to have taken me privately, and warned and admonished me† (Apology). This is the more personal freedom that Socrates was fighting for in the course of his defense. Socrates proved Meletus’ illogic several times during his defense so Socrates was indirectly making here a claim for the freedom of the mind through logic.As for the other freedom that Socrates seemed to have been fighting for was the freedom of philosophy. This freedom was implied when Socrates said, Men of Athens, I honor and love you; but I shall obey God rather than you, and while I have life and strength I shall never cease from the practice and teaching of philosophy†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Apology). Such a statement was naturally taken by the Athenian court as a defiance of the authority of the state that defined obedience to God as obedience to the laws rather than to one’s philosophy.Furthermore, Socrates’ claim for this freedom and his defense of it in Plato’s Apology was more of a defense of personal convictions considering that Socrates himself was on trial at the time that he declared his claims for this freedom.Based on the aforementioned points, the idea of freedom of Socrates was different from that proposed by Luther. Luther’s ideas were more on religion rather than on logic and philosophy. Luther expressed the nature of the freedom that he claims when he said, â€Å"For faith alone, and the efficacious use of the word of God, brings salvation† (Luther). This therefore is a freedom from works, and is explicitly stated by Luther when he said, â€Å"†¦this faith cannot consist at all with works†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (Luther) and that â€Å"†¦no work can cleave to the word of God†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Luther).

Oedipus complex and relationships in ‘Sons and Lovers’ Essay

David Herbert Lawrence was born in 1885 in Nottinghamshire, England where his father was a miner. His experience growing up in a coal-mining family provided much of the inspiration for Sons and Lovers. Lawrence had many affairs with women in his life, including a longstanding relationship with Jessie Chambers (on whom the character of Miriam is based), an engagement to Louie Burrows, and an eventual elopement to Germany with Frieda Weekley. Sons and Lovers was written in 1913, and contains many autobiographical details. His childhood coal-mining town of Eastwood was changed, with a sardonic twist, to Bestwood. Walter Morel was modeled on Lawrence’s hard-drinking, irresponsible collier father, Arthur. Lydia became Gertrude Morel, the intellectually stifled, unhappy mother who lives through her sons. The death of one of Lawrence’s elder brothers, Ernest, and Lydia’s grief and eventual obsession with Lawrence, seem hardly changed in the novel. (Both Ernest and his fictional correspondent, William, were engaged to London stenographers). Filling out the cast of important characters was Jessie Chambers, a neighbor with whom Lawrence developed an intense friendship, and who would become Miriam Leiver in the novel. His mother and family disapproved of their relationship, which always seemed on the brink of romance. Nevertheless, Chambers was Lawrence’s greatest literary supporter in his early years, and he frequently showed her drafts of what he was working on, including Sons and Lovers (she disliked her depiction, and it led to the dissolution of their relationship). Lawrence’s future wife, Frieda von Richtofen Weekly, partially inspired the portrait of Clara Dawes, the older, sensual woman with whom Paul has an affair. Considered Lawrence’s first masterpiece, most critics of the day praised Sons and Lovers for its authentic treatment of industrial life and sexuality. There is evidence that Lawrence was aware of Sigmund Freud’s early theories on sexuality, and Sons and Lovers deeply explores and revises of one of Freud’s major theories, the Oedipus complex. Still, the book received some criticism from those who felt the author had gone too far in his description of Paul’s confused sexuality. Sons and Lovers was the first modern portrayal of a phenomenon that later, thanks to Freud, became easily recognizable as the Oedipus complex. Never was a son more tied to his mother’s love and full of hatred for his father than Paul Morel, D. H. Lawrence’s young protagonist. Never, that is, except perhaps Lawrence himself. In his 1913 novel he came to grips with the discordant loves that haunted him all his life–for his spiritual childhood sweetheart, here called Miriam, and for his mother, whom he transformed into Mrs. Morel. It is, by Lawrence’s own account, a book aimed at depicting this woman’s grasp: â€Å"as her sons grow up she selects them as lovers–first the eldest, then the second. These sons are urged into life by their reciprocal love of their mother–urged on and on. But when they come to manhood, they can’t love, because their mother is the strongest power in their lives. † Of course, Mrs. Morel takes neither of her two elder sons as a literal lover, but nonetheless her psychological snare is immense. She loathes Paul’s Miriam from the start, understanding that the girl’s deep love of her son will oust her: â€Å"She’s not like an ordinary woman, who can leave me my share in him. She wants to absorb him. † Meanwhile, Paul plays his part with equal fervor, incapable of committing himself in either direction: â€Å"Why did his mother sit at home and suffer?†¦ And why did he hate Miriam, and feel so cruel towards her, at the thought of his mother. If Miriam caused his mother suffering, then he hated her–and he easily hated her. † Soon thereafter he even confesses to his mother: â€Å"I really don’t love her. I talk to her, but I want to come home to you. † The result of all this is that Paul throws Miriam over for a married suffragette, Clara Dawes, who fulfills the sexual component of his ascent to manhood but leaves him without a complete relationship to challenge his love for his mother. When Paul, physically aroused, finds no natural response in the girl who seems to love him-Miriam, he is confused, helpless, and becomes even cruel. Unable to assert himself, or even to accept as natural his longings he is unable to continue in the spiritual relationship with the girl—because his mother alone already owns his soul. The relationship is ended, Paul’s personality suffers a kind of tearing or splitting and in his next relationship Paul realizes at some unconscious level he must leave his soul somewhat free for his mother and participate on a kind of detached physical level. Thus, in his relationship with Clara, it is the primarily bodily maleness of Paul bonding with the primarily bodily femaleness. Obviously the danger is to oversimplify the Paul/Miriam and Paul/Clara relationships. It is true that the contact with Clara puts Paul at least temporarily into richer contact with his own body, his phallic consciousness, as Lawrence would say, whereas in his sterile relationships with his mother and Miriam Paul has had to forego this fuller consciousness. Now he experiences what he believes is a kind of paradisiacal kind of love and fulfillment. In any case, all the relationships in Sons and Lovers seem to involve power struggles: Mrs. Morel extracts power from her husband by turning from his sexual presence and then dominating, even emasculating her sons; she controls Paul’s devotion through the imposition of her values and aspirations and thus weights down their relationship. The balance of power in relationships seems to be an essential concern of D. h. Lawrence, since it is appears over and over again to be responsible for the death of love. Lawrence’s men and women will not be controlled, possessed or lost in another individual’s reality. D. H. Lawrence’s perpetual search for the archetypal human relationship affects all his fiction and particularly Sons and Lovers, his coming of age novel. It is here that his preoccupation with the love ethic and the profound split caused by the imbalance or â€Å"power cast,† of most relationships are so nakedly revealed. The incomplete and imperfect relationships of Sons and Lovers are among the most discussed and analyzed in English Literature. Paul Morel’s imprisoning relationship with his mother cripples all his other relationships.

Radical Feminist View on Porn

Radical feminists overall would have a very negative view towards pornography as a whole. They would frown upon child pornography and the kind of pornography that places the male gender in the driving seat and where men are under control.The reason that Radical feminists would have a negative outlook on pornography that places men under control is because this school of thoughts view is that the only way to achieve gender equality is through eliminating the assumption that women are only good for sex and reproduction. They feel that there is a subordination of women through sexuality and reproduction. Therefore they would view pornography of the above nature as supportive of the exact kind of thinking that they are trying to eliminate.Radical feminists also feel that the family system plays a very large role in either encouraging the objectification of women or in eliminating it and thus due to their high regard for family functionality they would also have an extremely negative outl ook towards child pornography as well as the fact that Radical feminists celebrate their roles as mothers, and no mother would like to see their child fall victim to child pornography or take part in the viewing thereof, not only for the child’s mental safety but also to avoid them growing up and falling victim to the view that woman are only good for sex and reproduction by the exposure of this kind of pornography.My criticism however of this school of thoughts view point is that Radical feminists have an extremely negative outlook towards men and their passion to eliminate heterosexual parenting and male sexuality is in some ways seeing men as the problem and painting all men under the same brush which is unfair towards the male gender as a whole because not all men objectify women in demeaning way.I also feel that through their efforts to try and abolish male sexuality and separate the link between their bodies and sex is only shooting themselves in the foot for through th e viewing of heterosexual porn these woman may find that they might just discover their sexuality and could come to feel empowered by their beauty and could then see their bodies as a beautiful thing instead of seeing their bodies as the problem. Some Radical feminists feel that reproduction can occur through a test tube rather than their womb and feel this way as an effort to remove the link between their bodies and reproduction but this would mean that sperm donators would be need and this would be objectifying men’s sperm so to speak. However due to their negative view towards men Radical feminists might just be supportive of lesbian porn and might see it as empowering towards women.

Leaders and Potential Leaders Literature review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Leaders and Potential Leaders - Literature review Example Cultivation was aimed at using one's intellect in doing a job. Emotional and actual advantages were given as the corresponding result. Third, the leader must be prepared to present the plan, to inform the followers of the requirements and to allow the followers to take control of the situation. Examining the Author’s Methods It is contended that the author did not implicitly state the thesis of the article. The statement could actually be simplified. Also, the grammatical structure was incorrect. The sentence started with a second person point of view and then it ended with a third person point of view ( the use of the word you to them). Such kind of mistake could actually disappoint the reader. It has a tendency to take away the reader’s interest. As a result, one may stop reading the article upon noticing the wrong done. Nevertheless, if the one reading is a potential leader, then, there is a possibility that he or she will excuse such error. Moreover, the writer was not able to present adequate ideas to support the thesis. The suggested ways were too general. It could have been specifically enumerated. The writer’s personal experiences were not enough to substantiate the proposed steps of utilization. Nonetheless, the third paragraph provided a logical example.

Sequence Diagram Flight Reservation System Assignment

Sequence Diagram Flight Reservation System - Assignment Example The sequence diagram is a critical part utilized in procedures of analysis and design documentation of user requirements. The sequence diagram is a tool of Unified Modelling Language (UML) that represents the interaction of different actors with the system in order to get a result/response (Bell, 2004). The Sequence diagram is one of the most usable and useful diagrams to represent the interaction of one or more objects’ interactions with one or more systems. It is pertinent to mention here that we have to develop / draw a Sequence diagram for each and every Use Case. The Sequence diagrams are used to model the usage scenario of the system, the logic of the methods and logic of the service. The sequence diagrams are used to describe the complicated operations, methods or functions in graphical or pictorial mode. Moreover, it also represents the services provided by the system to their clients, for example, the web services i-e online flight reservation system. The Use Case dia gram enables modelling of a business view of the scenario, the Sequence diagram contains implementation details of the scenario, including the objects and classes that are used to implement the scenario, and messages passed between the objects (Ambler, 2012). As per the sequence diagram (given below) of the online Flight Reservation System and the definition of the sequence diagram, the actors that were identified in Use Case Diagram (customer, website) has been utilized in the Sequence Diagram. The first actor is the 'Customer' that would interact with the 'Website' (system). As shown in the following figure, the customer does all the interaction with the system from searching flight till the provision of the PIN code. Initially, the customer opens the website of the service provider (airline or agent of the flight reservation) and clicks the search flight tab of the website. The website would open the flight search form and the customer has to enter the required information includ es: the departure and arrival airport, one way or round trip, the date of departure and return (if round trip) and the number seats / tickets. The customer submits the form and after processing, the website shows the search results. At this point the customer can go back to the search page and re-enter all the information, otherwise, the customer can select and book the flight. The website provides the review page along with payment information. The customer has to fill the form with required information include: full name, passport number and payment method (credit card information). The website provides the confirmation page and the customer confirms the booking. The system processes the customer’s request and presents a personal identification code (PIN) for the future reference (Popkin Software, 1998). Sequence Diagram Reference List Janssen, C., 2010. Sequence Diagram. [online] Available at: [Accessed 02 December 2012] Ambler, S. W., 2012. UML 2 Sequence Diagrams. [onlin e] Available at: [Accessed 02 December 2012] Bell, D., 2004. UML basics: The sequence diagram. [online] Available at: [Accessed 02 December 2012] Popkin Software., 1998. Modelling System with UML. [online] Available at: [Accessed 02 Dec

Rubrics In Evaluating Student Works Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Rubrics In Evaluating Student Works - Case Study Example The author citing (Nitko, 2001) (Moskal, 2000) said, " A holistic rubric requires the teacher to score the overall process or product as a whole, without judging the component parts separately. In contrast, with an analytic rubric, the teacher scores separate, individual parts of the product or performance first, then sums the individual scores to obtain a total score." Mertler, (2001) citing Chase (1999) suggested that holistic rubrics are customarily utilized when errors in some part of the process can be tolerated provided the overall quality is high. He cited Nitko (2001) further said that the use of holistic rubrics is probably more appropriate when performance tasks require students to create some sort of response and where there is no definitive correct answer Hence when talking of overall quality holistic is preferable aside from somewhat quicker scoring process than the use of analytic rubrics (Mertler, 2001, citing Nitko,(2001). This is basically due to the fact that the teacher is required to read through or otherwise examine the student product or performance only once, in order to get an "overall" sense of what the student was able to accomplish (Mertler, 2001). Mertler, 2001 citing Nitco ( 2001) prefers the use of analytic rubrics when fairly... it ( 2001) prefers the use of analytic rubrics when a fairly focused type of response is required, that is, for performing tasks in which there may be one or two acceptable responses and creativity is not an essential feature of the students' responses. He also suggested the use of the same in making an assessment on a multidimensional level. A rubric measures performance and measuring performance is just one of the functions of a teacher hence prior to design a specific rubric, a choice scoring holistically or analytically must be made.

Music and Color (which ones positively affect employees,which ones Essay

Music and Color (which ones positively affect employees,which ones negatively affect them) - Essay Example â€Å"Music in the workplace promotes positive mood, sense of team, improves alertness and can lessen the event of accidents† (Marshall 2007). There is a mood threshold beyond which productivity rapidly decreases. The high value attributed to the use of light music rather than classical music partly reflects the generally low level of effectiveness achieved by classical music. â€Å"Music â€Å"motivates workers, decreases boredom and leads to increased productivity perhaps because people work in time with the beat† (le Roux 2005 cited Marshall 2007). Music also means that people can learn more effectively and work more creatively, and hence sustain stress more effectively. Ability to work together harmoniously, or cope with unforeseen circumstances, points towards people feeling healthy, having a sense of well-being, having high morale and being able to accept more responsibility. In general, music allows people respond to work situations more positively. (Goodman 200 7). Similar to music, colors have great impact on employees and their mood. Pronounced colors have a negative impact on productivity increasing distress, low self-esteem and aspirations (Birren 23). In the long term, dark colors can have secondary effects on health and that visible flickering can have profound effects on the human nervous system. The trend towards darker colors is unlikely to affect health adversely, and may indeed be advantageous. The trend could have negative consequences for health if it were shown that the increasing levels of ambient light at night affect circadian rhythms. Improvements in brightness and the evenness of spectral power may be beneficial. In particular, the move towards a greater use of green, yellow and white is likely to be good for both health and performance. Intervention to ensure a healthy working environment should always be the first step towards improving productivity and work

British Legal systems and Contract law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

British Legal systems and Contract law - Essay Example In the leading case of Olley v.Marlborourgh Court Hotel (1949) 1 KB 552, a lady deposited her fur cloak in the hotel locker which was subsequently stolen. She sued the hotel for loss of the cloak, but the hotel management pleaded that in the contract of service there was a specific disclaimer for liability arising out of theft. It transpired that the disclaimer notice was in the hotel room, and not at the reception where the contract was enforced between the lady and the hotel management. 1 Moreover she did not have constructive notice of this diclaimer when she booked her room. The Court held that the hotel was liable for the loss since, the claimant was not aware of the facts at the time of booking the contract. However, in this case, it is seen that Metalinque was aware of the material fact that the goods need to be shipped to Aberdeen, and not delivered at London office. The writer's opinion is that the seller, Metalinque cannot be absolved of liability in this case merely on the fact that their agreement was with the London office, and not with the Aberdeen plant since the purpose of the agreement was not fulfilled due to (1) delay in performance and (2) Subsequent losses to the buyer, arising out of breach of contractual obligation by the seller due to material variation in delivery terms Further if the law were to consider, the application of Section 4 and Section 4 (5) of the Supply of Goods and Services Act 1982, it is seen that there is an implied condition that the goods supplied should be fit and should serve the purpose for which it is sought. It is also seen that in the event that a party relies on the skill or judgment of another, whether the terms are expressly, or by implication, the implied condition shall be deemed to be present. In this case there is an implied condition that goods be delivered to Aberdeen. "Where, under a contract for the transfer of goods, the transferor transfers the property in goods in the course of a business and the transferee, expressly or by implication, makes know to the transferor, any particular purpose for which the goods are being acquired., there exists an implied condition that the goods shall meet such conditions." 2 (b) Even if there was a breach of contract, the sum sought is excessive. Under Section 20 (2) of the Sale of Goods Act 1979, the goods remain at the seller's risk until the title in them is vested on the buyer. When the buyer has accepted the goods at London, it is deemed that delivery has been affected. However, "where delivery has been delayed through the fault of either the buyer or seller, the goods are at risk of the party at fault, as regards any loss, which may not have occurred but for such fault." 3 In this case it is seen that, prima facie, there is a fault on the part of Metalinque for having caused losses due to belated delivery. However, this fault has been alleviated to a certain extent, due to the fact that Amethyst Ltd, had not explicitly and specifically stated under Clause 20 of the Purchase Contract that the goods need to be delivered at Aberdeen. In the absence of certainty of delivery of contractual obligation, they were at liberty to

Implement part Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Implement part - Essay Example It is pertinent to mention here that the scheduled date of the training course is 6th December 2012, from 0900 hours to 1700 hours at Delta Airline’s Auditorium. Moreover, during the training hours, the employees would not perform their daily office routine work. Therefore, they need to manage their office work scheduled on the training day before or after the training, as per the requirement of the work. You are requested to visit the News section of the internal portal of the Delta Airline to subscribe to get course material well before the training time. The training course is compulsory to attend by all the selected employees, therefore, make it convenient to attend the training course. There are three parts of the format; in the first part the trainer would be provided the learner profile (given above at Appendix – I) and summary analysis. In the second part, the designer of the course would provide the relevant course contents (given at Appendix – II) to the trainer. Furthermore, at this time, the role of the trainer would be a student. In the third part, the designer would provide the instructional materials to the trainer by â€Å"walk-through-talk-through† method. In this way, the trainer having above mentioned qualifications would be trained to provide training to the employees of the Delta Airline. The time duration of the train-the-trainer would be two (2) hours. Initially, there would be an introduction for fifteen (15) minutes that would be followed by the goals and objectives (given in the Office Memorandum) of the training for twenty (20) minutes. The course material (prepared in the development phase) would be provided to the trainer within thirty (30) minutes that would be followed by an informal walk-through for forty five (45) minutes. And in the end, there would be a question-answer session for fifteen (15) minutes. As the participants /

Amy Winehouse Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Amy Winehouse - Essay Example She was later expelled for piercing her nose and not applying herself. She ventured into the music career at the age of sixteen after her classmate, Tyler James a pop singer, passed her demo tape to A&R recording label. After signing her first recording deal as a jazz vocalist; her music developed into an eclectic mixture of pop, jazz, R&B and soul. After her 2003 album, Frank, hit double platinum status Amy Winehouse began showing up to club and TV performances while too drunk to perform for the whole set and ruined her reputation. She also got into on and off relationship with Blake Fielder, Music video assistant, who introduced her to hard drugs. The couple often fought in public, and their private life involved doing drugs, alcohol and causing self-harm. Her 2006 album Back to Black won her five Grammy awards and earned commendation for her songs including Rehab, Back to Black and Valerie. She passed away at the age of twenty-seven after an accidental poisoning from alcohol. In 2006, she dumped her management company, after the company suggested that she should enter rehab for alcohol abuse. She turned the experience into the song Rehab in her second album, Back to Black. She expressed her refusal to accept treatment for substance abuse. The song remained in top ten list in United Kingdom for some time and earned her an Ivor Novello award for the best contemporary song. The album also won her two BRIT awards for the best female solo artist and the best British album in 2007. The album also hit platinum levels in America in less than a month after winning the BRIT award. In April 2007, she got engaged to Blake Fielder and married in May 2007. She returned to her old habits of substance abuse and on Agust8, 2007 she went into a coma after an overdose of several drugs. Her health began to deteriorate despite her success in music and at a concert in London in June 2008, she punched

Technology Evaluation and Recommendation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Technology Evaluation and Recommendation - Essay Example Threats on their part can take up multiple flavors ranging from sabotage, deliberate espionage, leakage, or information extortion. As is evident with the virility of information technology as the contemporary means of capturing and storing information, it is important that access control systems should exist to protect information and information technology systems. Access control is one of the most sensitive aspects when it comes to computer and computer systems’ security. Access control refers to any mechanism that controls or provides a form of verification to guarantee information’s protection from inappropriate access or unauthorized use. Collectively, access control methods serve two purposes; controlling modification, and controlling the disclosure of information from threats. In computer security, a threat is any agent that may breach the confidentiality or interfere with the integrity of information or information systems. Threats on their part can take up multiple flavors ranging from sabotage, deliberate espionage, leakage, or information extortion. As is evident with the virility of information technology as the contemporary means of capturing and storing information, it is important that access control systems should exist to protect information and information technology systems. Social engineering occurs when a user is manipulated to trick a person into weakening a component of the system itself. One of the biggest dilemmas with social engineering is the fact that a hacker can obtain critical information via personnel relationships. This can be chaotic and cause many in adverse issues. Another method that plagues the dilemma of social engineering is pretexting. Pretexting occurs when a hacker calls an IT personnel for instance and give scenarios that will allow a hacker to have a perception for hacking. Another risk that seems to be prevalent in user domain accounts that correlated with human mistakes is the fact that it

Expectations Charles Dickens Essay Example for Free

Expectations Charles Dickens Essay In the first chapter of Great Expectations Charles Dickens creates a very intense image of the marshes. This is the first place he describes and he makes the marshes sound like a very creepy and bewildering place.  Ours was the marsh country, down by the river, within, as the river wound, twenty miles of the sea.  The words marsh and the river makes the marshes sound like a very damp, muddy and bleak place.  Also in the first chapter Charles Dickens describes the churchyard as  Bleak place overgrown with nettles. Dickens also describes the churchyard s a very Overgrown and bleak place.  A graveyard is supposed to be a happy place that revitalises and refreshes kind, happy memories. I think this implies that death is all around no matter where you look. I think this because everything is overgrown and not looked after and the nettles are killing all of the beautiful plants so death is also involved there as well.  Dickens also says about the marshes in the first chapter   And that the dark flat wilderness beyond the churchyard, intersected with dykes and mounds and gates, with scattered cattle feeding on it, was the marshes: and that the low leaden line beyond was the river: and the distant savage liar from which the wind was rushing was the sea. This quote represents a dark and unforgiving future for Pip and that there is no one out there in the wilderness to care for him. The words leaden line imply a low lead river that looks like it has bars on and to Pip this makes him feel imprisoned. Also the words savage liar represents to Pip that he thinks that there is like a savage monster out there in the sea. Furthermore in chapter one Dickens explains the marshes as a long black, horizontal line and the sky was just a row of long, angry red lines and dense black lines intermixed. The words represent anger and danger and black utility, death and emptiness. Pip again feels like he is a prisoner to the marshes. At the start of the first chapter instead of Pip being one of the main characters he becomes the narrator of the story and starts talking about his family.   So I called myself Pip, and came to be called Pip.  When Pip goes to the churchyard to the graveyard to look at their graves and imagines what his family would of looked like this proves he has a very distinct and creative imagination.   My first fancies regarding what they were like, were unreasonably derived from their tombstones.  Also Pip proves that there was a high rate of infant mortality and he also proves that there was a universal struggle to die. To five little stone lozenges, each about a foot and a half long, which were arranged in a neat row beside their grave, and were scared to the memory of five little brothers of mine who gave up trying to get a living exceedingly early in that universal struggle.  Dickens in the first chapter changes from first person the narrator to third person and this s a very unnatural method to use.   And that the small bundle of shivers growing afraid of it all and beginning to cry, was Pip. Also Great Expectations was serialised which means that he novel was brought out in chapters and because the novel was successful people kept buying each chapter each time they were released.  When Pip goes into the churchyard to the graveyard so that he can go and visualise his brothers and his parents he meets a convict. The convict is starving and looking for food and basically anything and so he turns Pip upside town.   The man after looking at me for a moment turned me upside-down.  This is very strong and imaginative and you can clearly imagine it as he turns him upside down literally and metaphorically. After this the convict starts talking to Pip about his appearance. He talks about  What fat cheeks you ha got:  After this Pip says  I believe they were fat, though I was at that time undersized for my years, and not strong.  This gives the impression that Pip has never been fed properly and this make Pip sound innocent and vulnerable.  Later on Pip makes a promise to the convict that he would bring some food and some wittles so that the convict could release himself from the chain around his ankles and the convict threatens Pip to make sure he does this.

Is Representative Democracy Really Democratic?

Is Representative Democracy Really Democratic? Introduction â€Å"You have two cows. All your neighbours pick someone to decide who gets the milk.† ^This running joke on Representative Democracy that captures it in one line got me thinking about Representative Democracy and the Social Justice Issue associated with it. Structure of the Paper This paper talks about Representative Democracy as the bigger ambit and concentrates on Electoral Democracy as its basic premise leading to injustice and makes Policy Recommendations by suggesting a model that makes the Policy Framing Process more inclusive, more just and more collectively as well as individually fair. My argument building starts by showing how Representative Democracy (Feature: Electoral Democracy) chooses Collective Justice over Individual Justice by following the Majority Rule and is not really representative. I would further through statistics show that in a country like India; the Collective Justice doesn’t remain Collective as the Majority isn’t real, which basically implies that the premise of majority that Democracy starts with, is in itself not adhered to. Violation of Individual Justice At its most fundamental incarnation, Representative Democracy is synonymous with Majority Rule. It’s a system of governance in which people choose their leaders by casting votes, giving rise to the usage of the term ‘Electoral Democracy.’ Theoretical-Practical Paradox: Theoretically, Electoral Democracy as a feature of Representative Democracy implies people within the country decide who will govern them. However, in reality, the existence of limited choice and the illusion of complete choice makes electoral democracy restrictive and non-representative in the truest sense. The voters have to pick their representatives from a subset of people, who are usually the ones with enough financial or political backing. This makes electoral democracy unjust, for the individual, as individuals are not really free to choose, they are only free to choose from the given choices. The Right to Rejection[i] passed by the Supreme Court of India in September’13, even though gives voters a â€Å"none of the above choice† that is the right to record disapproval of candidates, makes no provision yet to count the â€Å"rejection† votes. Therefore, this move is in reality, only symbolic and will not impact the results of the elections. The Right to Rejection, as it stands, does little to help individuals from being governed by the ones they don’t want to be governed by. Tyranny of the Collective Furthermore, where Electoral Democracy loses its representative character and violates Individual Justice in favour of Collective justice is its basic premise, the rule of the majority. In India, it has been noted there has been a declining margin of victory. The average margin of victory in a parliamentary constituency between 1962 and 2009 has decreased with time. From a 15% margin of victory in 1962, the average margin of victory has come down substantially to 9.7% in 2009, the thinnest margin since Independence with the average winning margin in parliamentary elections being 70,000 votes only. This evidence supports the claim electoral democracy isn’t really representative. The tyranny of the majority means that the will of the majority prevails over the minority. But if that is so, what is to stop a dominant group from using democracy to further entrench the oppression of minority groups? Worse yet, how will the interests of oppressed minorities ever be taken seriously if they can always be overruled by the votes of the majority? Despite Electoral Democracy sounding well in theory, there could be cases where a hostile, organized majority takes on the minority and systematically sidelines them, thus undermining the whole essence of democracy for the latter. Gujarat riots (2002 Gujarat Violence), and the way they helped create factionalism, leading to the right-wing forces to capitalize on the organized majoritys sentiment in the 2002 state elections in India is a classic example of this kind of failure. Democracy means collective self-governance among equals. If a segment of society push for the segregation and subjugation of another segment of society, then it is fundamentally undemocratic for it means undermining the ideal of collective self-rule. Slim majority still qualifies as majority and there is no bare minimum a contestant needs to get in order to be elected, he only needs to beat his competitors. In the view of its majoritarian nature, the fact that when it comes down to measuring the mood of the people, one cannot really ignore 49% of the people who voted against the selected candidate, casts a shadow over electoral democracy being fair and just. According to EB White, â€Å"Democracy is the recurrent suspicion that more than half of the people are right more than half the time.† The Actuality of Majority In the name of Collective Justice, Electoral Democracy hangs Individual Justice at the altar. Though, I understand that it is impossible to consider every opinion in the country and a choice has to be made between Individual and Collective Justice and Collective seems like the more obvious choice, I am going to further debunk Electoral Democracy by asserting that the Collective Justice in this case does not really account for a majority. Even though Electoral Democracy finds its roots in majority so as to say, it is not real majority and in fact all governments in such systems are elected by a minority of voters. Voter turnout has varied historically in India between 50-60%.[ii] So a potential winning majority of 51% of 60% of voters who turn out would imply the views of only about 30% of the nation. Additionally, according to estimates, in each Lok Sabha constituency in the country, the number of unregistered voters could be as high as 2.1 lakh.[iii] The votes can be touted as representative, but the election in itself can’t be called the same because of votes to seats ratio not being one. A party which gets 90% of national votes does not necessarily get 90% of seats, as seats depend on constituencies and their demographics. According to statistics, if we take the Congress Party for example, for every 1% share of the vote Congress garnered in 1977, it was rewarded with .9 seats. But in 1980, that changed drastically: a 1 percentage point increase in vote share was suddenly worth nearly 1.7 seats. Even very small changes in the vote share can have dramatic impacts on the number of seats won. For instance, in 1999 and 2009 the Congress Party won an almost identical share of votes (28.3 versus 28.5%, respectively but the partys seat share rose from 140 seats to nearly206 seats. What triggers this effect is how broadly spread/concentrated a partys vote share is at the level of individual constituencies. So in practice, a party may be winning only because its voter base lies in lesser populated constituencies which incidentally may be more in number than the heavily populated ones. At best, representative democracy with its focus on electoral democracy can be just for a sub group of the population at a particular point of time and not for the entire population itself. In such cases, Electoral Democracy is neither individually just nor collectively. Policy Recommendations Until an alternative model to Democracy is formulated which considers all individual opinions in the country, the violation of individual justice can be minimised by increasing the number of choices in terms of candidates available to individuals and by instituting quorums with respect to Right to Rejection, according to which when a certain percentage of population rejects the existing candidates, the polls should be held again with new candidates. Arrows impossibility theorem states that a clear order of preferences cannot be determined while adhering to mandatory principles of fair voting procedures, implying that for numerous decisions, it is impossible to aggregate individual preferences in a meaningful way. Given the difficulty in counting for the choices of all individuals in a particular country while forming the Government, collective justice, despite its demerits, is a feasible alternative, entailing the Rule of the Majority. However, what every country should strive towards is Real Majority, by increasing the voter base in the country, alongside voter turn outs by creating awareness in its populace. Another way of minimising the Tyranny of the Majority is by building Collective Intelligence. The degree to which various perspectives are included increases the collective intelligence of the whole. Mary Parker Follett understood the potential of dialogue and group process to create a larger whole within which both the individual and the collective are interdependent and in synergy, rather than opposed to one another. She wrote: The great cosmic force in the womb of humanity is latent in the group as its creative energy; that it may appear the individual must do his duty every moment. We do not get the whole power of the group unless every individual is given full value. It is the creative spontaneity of each which makes life march on irresistibly to the purposes of the whole. Our social and political organization must be such that this group life is possible. (1918) The notion that people living under a democratic government are ultimately responsible for that governments policies i.e. collective moral responsibility can be reinstated so that individuals as a part of a collective take rational decisions. What can make Representative Democracy more representative is a Right to recall an elected representative if the electorate is dissatisfied with his or her performance, instead of waiting for five years for the next election. Also, injustice that pertains to being governed by unwanted candidates can be minimised by including the voices of people in the Policy Making Process. What this would encompass is that irrespective of whether the candidate governing me is chosen by me or not, I still get to have a say in the policies I want for myself. This would take care of both cases, wherein my elected representative’s take on a certain policy is different from mine as well as when the representative isn’t the one I voted for. Thus, Electoral Democracy which proves to be a failing of Representative Democracy doesn’t become a major deterrent to actual representation in a model like Direct Democracy that deals with involvement of all individuals in Policy Planning and limits the power of the representatives. In Direct Democracy, citizens co-create government on a regular basis and not just at the time of the election. However, one must keep in mind the volatility of this form of democracy and if executed, it must be done through very small steps by letting people debate and make decisions on how to spend the government money that is allotted to their locality in the very beginning. Slowly, when this system stabilizes, more power could be given to people to debate and make decisions on issues in their town, district and so on. In cases where Direct Democracy as a model itself seems infeasible because of sheer numbers, higher citizen engagement should be encouraged and valued in examining broadly defined questions of regional or national importance through mechanisms such as Consensus Conferences (from Denmark), Planning Cells (from Germany) and Scenario Workshops. A combination of internet data and technology, big data and real time analysis can be fruitful in this regard. Portals such as Twitter[iv], Facebook, YouTube, etc. can be used to infer the general sentiment of people. Indices such as the Asian Barometer[v], Happy Barometer[vi] and projects like SPIDER[vii], HeyCrowd[viii], GovTogether[ix], VoteIQ[x], Democracy Audits, Actly[xi] should also be embraced at a large scale. Conclusion In the words of Sir Winston Churchill, â€Å"Many forms of Government have been tried, and will be tried in this world of sin and woe. No one pretends that democracy is perfect or all-wise. Indeed, it has been said that democracy is the worst form of government except all those other forms that have been tried from time to time. So till the time, a model comes which does away with Individual injustice, while maintaining Collective Justice, Democracy is our best bet and we should look at minimising the injustices perpetrated by it by experimenting with alternative models within Democracy and effective citizen engagement. Endnotes: [i] NDTV, Supreme Court gives voters right to reject all candidates in a poll, http://www.ndtv.com/article/cheat-sheet/supreme-court-gives-voters-right-to-reject-all-candidates-in-a-poll-424424, (September 27, 2013), Accessed on 27th February’14, 10 PM [ii] International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance, Voter turnout data for India, http://www.idea.int/vt/countryview.cfm?id=105 Accessed on 27th February’14, 10 PM [iii] â€Å"His (Modi’s) assessment is that half of the 18 to 24 year-olds across the country are not registered or familiar with ways to enroll themselves even though the Election Commission has advertised the process. An estimate done by his key aides show the number of such unregistered voters could be as high as 1.5 lakh in each Lok Sabha constituency. Even the older unregistered could be as high as 60,000 voters.† Hindustan Times, Modi eyes young voters to clinch victory in 2014 polls, http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/NewDelhi/Modi-eyes-young-voters-to-clinch-victory-in-2014-polls/Article1-1125680.aspx, (September 22, 2013) Accessed on 27th February’14, 10 PM [iv] Co.Design, Infographic of the Day: Twitter Tracks the Entire Countrys Mood, http://www.fastcodesign.com/1661966/infographic-of-the-day-twitter-tracks-the-entire-countrys-mood Accessed on 27th February’14, 10 PM [v] Asian Barometer is an applied research program on public opinion on political values, democracy and governance across the region and represents a careful and systematic comparative survey of attitudes and values toward politics, power, reform and democracy. [vi] Vilnius mayor Arturas Zuokas insists that the Happiness Barometer is a â€Å"great tool for politicians,† pointing out that: â€Å"If we take a decision and see a sharp fall in the mood of the city, then we know we have done something horribly wrong.† [vii] SPIDER is a project which aims to create an enabling environment for dialogue on elections, democracy and good governance through capacity building on access to information and ICT skills. [viii] HeyCrowd is an entirely mobile opinion-sharing platform. [ix] GovTogether is a network to connect voters to politicians. [x] VoteIQ allows users to get political news/information, rate politicians, watchdog politicians and the media. [xi] Actly enables users to enter a politicians Twitter handle and briefly tweet an idea and hook a politician to a petition. References Accessed on 28th February, 2 PM http://www.taoofdemocracy.com/sample.html

Data Mining Analysis in Health Department

Data Mining Analysis in Health Department Data mining has been used intensively and appreciably in lots of fields of life. Likewise in healthcare, data mining is becoming more and more popular each day. Its extensive applications can greatly advantage all events worried inside the healthcare industry. As an instance, data mining in healthcare enterprise benefits each insurer and insured. It assist insurers to hit upon fraud and abuse, healthcare agencies make client relationship management choices, physicians become aware of powerful treatments and great practices, and insurer sufferers receive higher and greater inexpensive healthcare offerings. Conventional, time ingesting, complex and voluminous generated transactions to be processed and analyzed in a totally brief duration. Facts mining offers the technique and technology to transform those mounds of raw shaped statistics into very useful information for choice making. This article explores data mining programs in healthcare. Particularly, it discusses data mining and it s applications inner healthcare in primary regions such as the assessment of treatment effectiveness control of healthcare, client relationship manipulate, and the detection of fraud and abuse. It also gives an illustrative example of a healthcare data mining software concerning the identification of chance elements associated with the onset of diabetes. Sooner or later, the thing highlights the constraints of information mining and discusses some destiny guidelines. The net of things (IoT) and its relevant technologies can seamlessly integrate classical networks with networked units and devices. IoT has been playing an critical role ever because it appeared, which covers from conventional system to preferred household objects and has been attracting the attention of researchers from academia, enterprise, and government in recent years. there may be a remarkable imaginative and prescient that each one things can be easily managed and monitored, may be recognized routinely by using different things, can speak with every different via internet, and can even make decisions via themselves . with a purpose to make IoT smarter, plenty of analysis technology are delivered into IoT; one of the maximum precious technology is data mining. Data mining involves coming across novel, exciting, and probably useful patterns from large statistics sets and making use of algorithms to the extraction of hidden information. Many other terms are used for data mining, for example, knowledge discovery (mining) in databases (KDD), knowledge extraction, data/sample analysis, information archeology, statistics dredging, and data harvesting. The goal of any data mining system is to construct an efficient predictive or descriptive version of a big amount of information that not handiest fine fits or explains it, however is also capable of generalize to new facts. Primarily based on a large view of data mining functionality, data mining is the technique of discovering interesting knowledge from huge quantities of records stored in both databases, data warehouses, and other records repositories. On the idea of the definition of data mining and the definition of data mining capabilities, an average data mining process consists of the subsequent steps. Statistics guidance put together the records for mining. It includes three sub steps integrate records in numerous facts assets and easy the noise from statistics, extract some parts of data into records mining device; preprocess the statistics to facilitate the records mining. Data mining observe algorithms to the information to discover the patterns and compare patterns of discovered expertise. The health department is one of the biggest department who need to be more focused to work on data mining development. We see that there are many diseases present all over the world and especially in third world countries where hunger, thirst of clean water and fatal diseases prevails especially African countries. This is why in many countries people are not able to lead a better life because of inflation. They dont have enough amount of income to bear their health expenses. And we also observe that in such countries their govt. doesnt have enough sources to develop a better healthcare system. In recent research only 2 percent of total budget is spend on health in such countries. In such place the private laboratories have free hands to charge for lab tests due to their monopoly. A person who is not able to perform that type of test fined wrong medicine instead of right prescription. So in a result of that either he will die or may be near to die. So if we study and focus more on res earch then we will be able to find the exact disease rather than with the help of physical appearance of the patient. So we need to be more focused on this domain of data mining. And there are many data miners who are working in the field of this domain of life. But this is not enough for the whole world. We need to be more dedicated and work harder on this domain to have a better world. An expansion of researches specializing in expertise view, approach view, and application view can be found in the literature. But, no previous attempt has been made to check the unique perspectives of Data mining in a systematic way, in particular in nowadays massive statistics mobile net and net of factors develop unexpectedly and some facts mining researchers shift their attention from records mining to big facts. There are plenty of facts that can be mined, for instance, database facts (relational database, NoSQL database), data warehouse, records circulation, spatiotemporal, time series, series, text and web, multimedia graphs, the sector extensive web, internet of factors statistics and legacy gadget log. Influenced by means of this, in this paper, we try to make a complete survey of the vital current tendencies of information mining studies. This survey specializes in information view, applied techniques view, and application view of records mining in the department of health. Lack of data mining leads to patients death in many cases in past we have experienced many such cases. Doctor could not diagnose the actual disease due to lack of proper reports as the result of that patients suffers and died in the end. While now data miners collect the record for more than 1 million people who have different diseases so they analysis the record and check that many disease have same symptoms and segregate different symptoms accordingly. So data miner says that if a patient has same symptoms and he should go to doctor for thorough checkup then doctor recommends the patient for concerning lab tests whom he sees in the patient then he concludes the proper disease and write proper prescription for that particular disease. Various information mining applications have been sent in the health department. In any case, most applications can be categorized as one of the accompanying three classes: showcasing, misrepresentation identification, and system blame detachment and forecast. Healthcare covers detailed approaches of the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of ailment, damage and other bodily and intellectual impairments in human beings. The healthcare industry in maximum international locations is evolving at a speedy tempo. The healthcare enterprise may be seemed as location with rich records as they generate massive amounts of statistics consisting of digital clinical facts, administrative reports and other benchmarking finding. These healthcare facts are but being below-utilized. As discussed in facts mining is able to look for new and valuable records from these huge volumes of records. Facts mining in healthcare are being used especially for predicting numerous illnesses in addition to in supporting for analysis for the docs in making their scientific selection. The dialogue on the various methods used within the healthcare enterprise are discussed as follows. Anomaly detection is used in discovering the maximum extensive changes within the statistics set used 3 one-of-a-kind anomaly detection technique, preferred assist vector information description, density- brought on support vector data description and Gaussian mixture to assess the accuracy of the anomaly detection on uncertain dataset of liver disease dataset which is received from UCI. The technique is evaluated the use of the AUC accuracy. The results acquired for a balanced dataset through common become 93.59%. Whilst the common preferred deviation received from the identical dataset is two.63. The uncertain dataset are prone to be to be had in all datasets, the ambiguity detection would be an amazing way to resolved this count, however because there may be simplest one paper discussing this technique, we cannot remark a good deal on the effectiveness of the technique. Greediness is intense issue for health insurance Company, bringing about billions of dollars of lost income every year. Greediness can be partitioned into classes: misleading and false information. Misleading happens when a client want to get unauthorized benefits for another party from the insurance company This offense can be perpetrate by the insured individual or the provider of health services. A person subscriber can commit health insurance fraud by: Allowing a person else to use his or her identity and insurance data to obtain health care services the usage of benefits to pay for prescriptions that had been no longer prescribed via his or her medical doctor health care companies can dedicate fraudulent acts by using: Billing for offerings processes and/or materials that had been never rendered Charging for extra expensive offerings than the ones truly supplied. Acting unnecessary offerings for the reason of financial benefit Misrepresenting non-protected treatments as a clinical necessity. Falsifying an affected persons analysis to justify assessments surgeries or other processes. Billing every step of a single technique as if it were a separate manner. Charging a patient greater than the co-pay agreed to below the insurers terms. Paying kickbacks for referral of motor car coincidence victims for treatment. The technology and methods of DM were designed in most cases for communication permitting the short and smooth transmission of statistics from the patients to the healthcare vendors who can treat them. A facet effect of that is that, over time, its going to generate big databases of measurements, clinical imagery, symptom descriptions, diagnostics, etc. The purpose for this is that in most cases the facts arent always meant to be handled in real time however saved to be examined later. While it is not their number one reason, the constitution of these databases creates formidable opportunities for researchers to discover fitness statistics from hundreds or thousands of patients. those numbers, a lot extra that what can be accomplished in maximum regular studies that recruit volunteers, allow scientists to enhance patient remedy via searching out patterns on a massive scale and draw new conclusions, for example about the link among the improvement of a clinical condition and environmental factors. as an instance, the Center stone studies Institute has advanced tools for studying the treatment of all their sufferers and discerning the methods that supply the quality end result to be able to practice them to future patients. The information mining has played in a pivotal role in healthcare industry, mainly diagnosing various kinds of sicknesses. The analysis is broadly being used in predicting sicknesses; theyre considerably utilized in clinical diagnosing. In end, there may be no one statistics mining method to resolve the troubles within the healthcare information sets. with a purpose to gain the very best accuracy amongst classifiers that is essential in scientific diagnosing with the characteristics of data being taken care, we want to layout a hybrid version that may solve the noted problems. Our destiny guidelines are to enhance the predictions the usage of hybrid fashions. References

Essay --

At the beginning, Nick Carraway, the protagonist, gives his backstory. He recently moved into a house he rented in West Egg, which is a district in long island. It is full of â€Å"new rich† (people who recently got their money.) East Egg, however, is full of people who were born rich. The people that live in these places are the same, but different. Nick lives near a mysterious man named Jay Gatsby. He lives in a huge mansion and is always throwing awesome parties. Nick goes to a dinner with his cousin from East Egg, Daisy, and her husband Tom Buchanan. At the dinner, Nick meets Jordan Baker, a pro golfer. Tom leaves the room for a phone call. The call is from his lover, Myrtle Wilson. Jordan leaves because she has a golf tournament the next day, and Daisy and Tom suggest that Nick and Jordan get into a relationship together. Nick goes home to see Gatsby outside staring a green dock light. Later, Tom and Nick are riding a train to New York, but Tom forces Nick to get off with him to the valley of ashes. He is going to George Wilson’s garage to see Myrtle Wilson. Tom brings her and Tom to an apartment he keeps just for his affair in New York. There they have a â€Å"party† with Myrtle’s sister, Catherine, and the McKees. They discuss rumors about Gatsby and get drunk. Tom gives Myrtle a dog. Later, she starts to talk about Daisy, and Tom gets angry and tells her to stop talking about her. She continues so she breaks her nose. Later, Nick is home when one of Gatsby’s servants brings him an invitation to his party. Nick goes to the party where he sees that Jordan is also there. While there, they hear people discussing Gatsby’s background and what they have heard. They try looking for Gatsby, but run into a man reading books in Gatsby’s libra... ... sees Gatsby outside of Daisy’s house. He tells Nick that Daisy was driving and he’s waiting to see if Tom is going to hurt Daisy. The next day, before Nick goes to work, he goes to Gatsby and finds out that he was at the Buchanan’s all night and nothing happened. Nick stays to talk with Gatsby about his love for Daisy. One of Gatsby’s servants tells him he wants to drain the pool, but Gatsby intends to use it soon. Nick later explains that when Wilson found out about Myrtle’s accident, he thought the other car belonged to her lover. So he tried to find out who owns the car. He knows that Tom knows whose car it is. Later, he shows up at Gatsby’s mansion. Gatsby is in his pool, on a raft, looking at the sky, when Wilson shoots him and then shoots himself. Nick shows up and sees Gatsby dead. For the funeral, Nick tries to get people to the funeral but nobody will go.

The Definition of Success Essay examples -- Expository Definition Essay

What is success? How does one succeed in life? A few moments' thought will convince us that the question is by no means an easy one to answer. We say this, that, or the other man is successful, but what do we mean by it? One man has houses and lands, has a large bank account, drives fast horses and has many apparent friends, such a man is accounted successful. Yet all of these things that minister to his pleasure have been acquired by unremitting labor, by hard, avaricious dealings with his fellow-men, by trampling upon the hearts and affections of thousands; in the face of these facts is the man a successful one? The question will be answered differently, according; to the views of life of the one answering it. Some think wealth is the only measure of success no matter how attained. Su...

Experiment Gone Bad in Flowers for Algernon :: Flowers for Algernon Essays

Experiment Gone Bad in Flowers for Algernon One experiment was done on a mentally retarded person to try to raise his intelligence. The experiment worked, but after months, he came back to the state he orginally was at. In the book, Flowers for Algernon, by Daniel Keyes, this intelligence operation was done, and the patient was Charlie Gordon. After the operation, Charlie was very bright, but experienced loneliness, and physcological distress. Charlie was emotionaly upset because of his flashbacks from childhood, and because his intellegence grew faster then his emotional intellegence. After his operation, he slowly started getting flashbacks from different parts of his childhood. In many of them his mother would go off and start saying, "...He's normal! He's normal! He'll grow up like other people. Better than others." Charlie had dreams of how his mother was ashamed of him. His mother always thought her son was normal and would grow up and be somebody. Charlie's sister also ignored him. To her, Charlie was dumb and could not do anything. Charlie had dreams of his sister yelling at him and making fun of him. He also had memories of the night his parents took him to the Warren Home. He was terrified and his dad would never answer his questions. Charlie remembered his childhood and through his memories, he felt guilty for hurting his family. After the operation, in the bakery, he used to have friends. Friends that would talk to him and care about him. Charlie then realized that he had no friends but merely knew people that made fun of him. The bakery employees just liked him because they could blame their mistakes on Charlie. Then, they could not do this after the operation, so they all turned against Charlie. Charlie also found out about Nemur and Strauss, the men who preformed the operation. He realized they were not professionals, but two men that were taking a shot in the dark. Charlie felt like an expendable lab specimen. Thus, Charlie had lost his friends and knew now he was just a like a lab rat. He was starting to regress and thought about suicide to end his up and down life. He became irritable and edgy around people at the university. He would become mad at people very quickly and then yell at them. People stayed away from him because he was becoming a madman and was unpredictable. Experiment Gone Bad in Flowers for Algernon :: Flowers for Algernon Essays Experiment Gone Bad in Flowers for Algernon One experiment was done on a mentally retarded person to try to raise his intelligence. The experiment worked, but after months, he came back to the state he orginally was at. In the book, Flowers for Algernon, by Daniel Keyes, this intelligence operation was done, and the patient was Charlie Gordon. After the operation, Charlie was very bright, but experienced loneliness, and physcological distress. Charlie was emotionaly upset because of his flashbacks from childhood, and because his intellegence grew faster then his emotional intellegence. After his operation, he slowly started getting flashbacks from different parts of his childhood. In many of them his mother would go off and start saying, "...He's normal! He's normal! He'll grow up like other people. Better than others." Charlie had dreams of how his mother was ashamed of him. His mother always thought her son was normal and would grow up and be somebody. Charlie's sister also ignored him. To her, Charlie was dumb and could not do anything. Charlie had dreams of his sister yelling at him and making fun of him. He also had memories of the night his parents took him to the Warren Home. He was terrified and his dad would never answer his questions. Charlie remembered his childhood and through his memories, he felt guilty for hurting his family. After the operation, in the bakery, he used to have friends. Friends that would talk to him and care about him. Charlie then realized that he had no friends but merely knew people that made fun of him. The bakery employees just liked him because they could blame their mistakes on Charlie. Then, they could not do this after the operation, so they all turned against Charlie. Charlie also found out about Nemur and Strauss, the men who preformed the operation. He realized they were not professionals, but two men that were taking a shot in the dark. Charlie felt like an expendable lab specimen. Thus, Charlie had lost his friends and knew now he was just a like a lab rat. He was starting to regress and thought about suicide to end his up and down life. He became irritable and edgy around people at the university. He would become mad at people very quickly and then yell at them. People stayed away from him because he was becoming a madman and was unpredictable.

Practices of Leadership contribute to managing sustainability Essay

In this essay I will undergo a critical argument that expresses there are practices of leadership which contribute to managing sustainability of a business in the post-bureaucratic era. ‘†¦The process of directing, controlling, motivating, and inspiring staff toward the realization of stated organizational goals†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (Cleg, Kornberger & Pitsis 2011). The decisions that are made by management or leadership can have effects on the businesses reputation; hence whether the organization wants to maximise profits or place an emphasis on the ethical decisions made; portraying the idea the decisions made may be legal but is it ethical. In section one through Cameron, Bright & Caza (2004) and others I will explain how individual virtuousness expands to organizational virtuousness which is influenced by leadership, and is therefore expressed through the nature of the business. Further on I will examine the link between the influences of religion, ethical values, age and gender to the variations within levels of relativism and idealism to the ‘trait leadership theory’ which influences a leaders decision making in relation to ethical issues to a certain extent. Through Stubbs & Cocklin (2008) and others I am able to analyse how the leaders; mainly conscious leaders, within the business initially drove the changes through the emphasis on concept of stakeholders within the business to incorporate a ‘sustainability business model’. Therefore it is evident that practices of leadership develop and nurture certain aspect of creating a sustainable business, whether it be ethical decisions or stakeholders over shareholders. Through Cameron, Bright and Caza studies explore how organizational performance is related and linked to virtuousness within the organization. Therefore highlighting how leadership practices affect the outcomes and actions that the business will take in relation to their ethical decisions. Such studies express the differences within leadership practices and attitudes affect how they can lead to different actions taken within the business. Timberlands CEO, Jeffrey Schwartz stated ‘If we don’t make money, no amount of virtue will do our firm any good. Wall Street will ignore us,  and we will soon be out of business. We must have bottom line performance for virtuousness in our firm to be taken seriously’ (Cameron, Bright & Caza, 2004, p 770). Therefore this highlights that the idea of virtuousness in certain organizations have no benefit if there are no pragmatic outcomes, reinforcing the idea of a classical business theory to maximise profits. Hence highlighting an authentic post-bureaucratic leadership where there is pressure on enhancing performance within the business and less emphasis on virtues in comparison to a conscious leadership. However the conscious leadership aspect highlights the notion of integrity and virtue which is therefore expressed through the virtuousness idea of providing an amplifying affect. â€Å"†¦love, empathy, awe, zest, and enthusiasm . . . the sine qua non of managerial success and organizational excellence† (Fineman 1996, p 545). This notion expresses the idea that an emphasis on integrity and emotional intelligence portrayed by the leader can lead to improved cognitive functioning, enhanced decision making and quality relationships between organizational members. Hence through a conscious leadership perspective i.e. an individual virtuousness will then expand throughout the organization, creating organization virtuousness. The central meaning of virtuousness is not the same concept of ethics or corporate social responsibility, but is simply an extension. ‘The entire organization is influenced positively when virtuousness is displayed, especially by individuals in leadership positions’ (George 1995, p 130). Therefore it is evident that different practices of leadership will either adopt practices of virtuality. However it is difficult to manage to effects of the outcome as leaders can have different standards, ‘..,who decides what is good outcome, for whom†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (Wray-Bliss 2007). Depending on the leaders attitude they may adopt practices depending if there are beneficial profit outcomes or if it creates a positive organizational environment which will increase business benefits in the longer run i.e. managing the business sustainability decisions. Through studies conducted by Fernando, Dharmage and Almedia we are able to understand the link between decisions made by a leader and how it is influenced to a certain extent by the idea of the ‘trait leadership theory’. However it is evident that ethical values, age, religion and gender to the  variations within levels of relativism and idealism i.e. the traits of a leader create different standards of ethical decisions within an organization. Forsyth’s perception on idealism ‘†¦assume that desirable consequences can, with the right action, always be obtained†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (Forsyth 1980, p. 176). Relativism on the other hand is defined by Forsyth as ‘†¦the extent to which an individual rejects universal moral rules†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (Forsyth 1980, p. 175). Through Karande et al I was able to observe that ‘†¦models of ethical decision-making posit that organizational factors, such as an organization’s ethical values influence a manager’s ethical decision-making†¦ (Ferrell and Gresham, 1985 p 3). It is evident that the ‘trait leadership theory’ has an effect on this idea to a certain extent i.e. religion. Through studies conducted it is evident that religion had a high effect on the leaders decisions, which is highlighted through Hunt and Vitell ‘A priori, compared with nonreligious people, one might suspect that the highly religious people would have more clearly defined deontological norms and that such norms would play a stronger role in ethical judgments’’ (Fernando, Dharmage & Almeida 1993, p. 780). Therefore highlighting the idea that a leader (that has characteristics of the trait theory) with a perspective in religion will have more incorporation of Corporate Ethical Sustainability within the decisions they make in their organization. It is evident that age plays a role in the decisions that leaders make, the older in age the more life experiences which causes moral development. Hall stated that ‘†¦older the managers tend to be exposed to a variety of ethical problems and become more sensitive to the harm that ethical transgressions can do to the organization and its stakeholders†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (Hall 1976, p 148). Therefore highlighting that a leader’s age is negatively related to relativism, hence the older a leader is take into consideration universal moral rules. However there are certain aspects such as gender that doesn’t play a major role in ethical decision making, as gender isn’t significantly related to both idealism and relativism. Fr om this study it highlights the importance of leadership’s traits i.e. age, religion when they are making ethical decisions internally and externally of their organization. Through the study conducted by Cocklin and Stubs it is evident that a conscious leader is able to have an effect and change the organization both  internally and externally i.e. understanding the importance of the stakeholders within the organization. The notion that organizations previously focused on profitability i.e. the shareholders importance has decreased to a certain extent in comparison to the stakeholders of the company, hence expressing the power that leadership has in modifying the idea of utilitarianism. It is evident that the conscious leader highlights the importance of the stakeholders, hence ‘†¦visionary CEOs will push the sustainability agenda throughout organizations and stakeholder networks†¦sustainability becomes more embedded in the organizational structure and culture†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (Cocklin & Stubs 2008, p 123). This highlights the idea that a sustainable business with a humble leader will adopt a stakeholder perspective, emphasising the idea that an organizations success is intimately linked to success of their stakeholders rather than the shareholders. It is evident that companies such as Shell petroleum highlight their importance on their stakeholders, and believe that engaging correct ethical decision making towards stakeholders will be more profitable and responsive in the long run, ‘We remain convinced that engaging with stakeholders and integrating social and environmental considerations better throughout the lifetime of our projects makes us a more responsive, competitive and profitable company, in the long and short term.’(Knights & Wilmott, 2007 p. 4) Through Mackey’s article it highlights the differences between a conscious business and corporate social responsibility. ‘†¦emphasis on conscious business on higher purpose, stakeholder interdependence, conscious leadership and conscious culture apart from corporate social responsibility†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (Mackey 2011, p 5). These differences are driven by a conscious leader which affects the decisions that one may make i.e. they focus on reconciling caring and profitable through higher synergies in comparison to CSR decisions are focused on adding ethical and financial burden to business goals. However through data produced by O’Toole and Vogel it was evident that their there was the idea to treat all stakeholders equally and fairly. This idea is quite uncontrollable and unrealistic hence Mackey stated that it would be impossible for a conscious leader to achieve anything like this. Hence there is the notion that there will be ‘conflicts’ between stakeholders, which may cause unethical decisions made by the management. It is evident that the conscious leader has enhanced the idea of the stakeholder’s theory which has evolved from the idea of utilitarianism. It is evident that practices of leadership have an effect in the development and management of ethics and CSR. Through the articles I was able to analyse the effects that CEO’s have on their own organization in decision making, whether variables such as age, religion etc have an influence in the ethical decisions that are made by the leaders. The emphasis of a conscious leadership business portrayed the beneficial longer term benefits for the business when stakeholders are seen as the center rather than shareholders. Reference List Cameron, K.S., Bright, D. & Caza, A. 2004, ‘Exploring the relationships between organizational virtuousness and performance’, American Behavioral Scientist, vol. 47, no. 6, pp. 766-90. Clegg, S.R., Kornberger, M. & Pitsis, T. 2012, Managing and organizations: An introduction to theory and practice, 3rd edn, Sage, London. Fernando, M., Dharmage, S. & Almeida, S. 2008, ‘Ethical ideologies of senior Australian managers: An empirical study’, Journal of Business Ethics, vol. 82, no. 1, pp. 145P55. Ferrell, O. C. and L. G. Gresham: 1985, ‘A Contingency Framework for Understanding Ethical Decision Making in Marketing’, Journal of Marketing 49, 87–96. Fineman, S. (1996). Emotion and organizing. In S. R. Clegg, C. Hardy, & W. R. Nord (Eds.), The handbook of organizational studies (pp. 543-564). London: Sage. Forsyth, D. R.: 1980, ‘A Taxonomy of Ethical Ideologies’, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 39(1), 175–184. George, J. M. (1995). Leader positive mood and group performance: The case of customer service. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 25, 778-794. Hall, E. T.: 1976, Beyond Culture (Anchor Books, Doubleday, Garden City, NY). Knights, D. & Wilmott, H. 2007, Introducing organisational behaviour and management, Thomson, Australia. Mackey, J. 2011, ‘What conscious capitalism really is, California Management Review, vol. 53, no.3, pp. 83-90. Stubbs, W. & Cocklin, C. 2008, ‘Conceptualizing a â€Å"sustainability business model†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢, Organization & Environment, vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 103-27. Wray P Bliss, E. 2007, ‘Ethics in work’, in D. Knights & H. Willmott (eds), Introducing organizational behaviour and management, Thomson Learning, pp. 506-33. Reflective response: Argument: From the feedback I received I needed to ensure that all my points within my essay correlated and linked from one aspect to anther critiquing what changes had occurred instead of describing the leadership practices. In Assignment 2 I ensured that I only critiqued and I ensured that my main points flowed and related to the question. Organisation and Structure: Assignment 1 my flow of my arguments were not effective they jumped from one point to another, hence in the Assignment 2 I ensured that my essay structure related cohesively so one can read and understand the flow and my main points. Critique: I didn’t score very high in this section as I described the practices of leadership in too much detail. In essay 2 I ensured that I didn’t describe the ideas because the reader already understand the practices I had to critique the ideas, and ensure that I did only describe to the very minimum. Understanding and Content: I scored quite well; I feel I grasped a pretty good understanding of the lectures and the readings. However for assignment 2 I ensured I used more readings and based my arguments from the readings and lectures that I had analysed. Academic English: I made some of my sentences to complicated when they could have been cut down to minimal words. In assignment 2 I ensured that I went straight to the point without any extra words. References: I wasn’t very confident on referencing in assignment 1. For assignment 2 I went onto uts library and it showed me how to reference properly for every type of media. Formatting and presentation: I didn’t follow all the formatting procedures for essay 1. For assignment 2 I went to the assignment guideline and followed all the steps and even went to the rubric and saw what additional formatting need to take place.

Thrasymachus’ Views on Justice

The position Thrasymachus takes on the definition of judge, as well as its importance in society, is one distant differing from the discernments of the former(a) interlocutors in the branch password of Platos Republic. Embracing his role as a Sophist in Athenian society, Thrasymachus sets out to aggressively dispute Socrates opinion that nicety is a beneficial and precious aspect of life and the ideal society. passim the course of the dialogue, Thrasymachus formulates three major assertions regarding legal expert.These claims involve his opinion that barelyice is nothing another(prenominal) than the advantage of the stronger, it is however to obey the rulers, and arbiter is really the good of another and noisome to the one who obeys and serves. Socrates continuously challenges these claims using what is mature a management known as the Socratic mode of questioning, while Thrasymachus works to defend his views. This subject seeks to argue the implausibility of Thr asymachus views through an psychoanalysis of his main claims regarding justice, as well as his view that homosexualginess b sound great felicity.In Book I of Republic, Socrates attempts to define justice with the help of his friends and acquaintances. After a physical body of suggestions prove false or skimpy, Thrasymachus tries his flip to define the term, convinced that his definition rings true(p). Thrasymachus begins in stating, justice is nothing other than the advantage of the stronger,1 and after prodding, explains what he agency by this. Thrasymachus believes that the stronger rule society, because, creating laws and defining to the galore(postnominal) what should be considered just.He pertains, how perpetually, that the stronger create tell laws for their own earn and wherefore in playacting justly, the ruled are execute for the rulers benefit and not their own. This telephone circuit is not feasible for a variety of reasons. iodine of the key singularit ys of justice is fairness, which can in any case be specify as universe reasonable or impartial. 5 rightfulness means that you do not opt one side over another6, and and then implies that if one were to act justly and therefore impartially, they would not act in a way to benefit only a select few.Furthermore, justice in its true form cannot be use altogether for the advantage of the stronger without the plurality acknowledging the injustices being oblige upon them, as Thrasymachus suggests is the case. For justice is one of the some characteristics of morality, which is considered to be intrinsic based on an inner conviction. 7 Therefore, if the many were acting against said inner conviction all in all for the benefit of the stronger, would they not experience a natural feeling of injustice?This argument alike can be used to refute another of Thrasymachus primary claims that justice is really the good of another and injurious to the one who obeys and serves. 3 In access to his definition, Thrasymachus argues the value of justice as a human or societal characteristic, claiming that injustice is far more beneficial to the individual. Thrasymachus asserts that despotism makes the doer of injustice happiest and the sufferers of it, who are averse to do injustice, most wretched. injustice, if it is on a large enough scale, is stronger, freer, and more masterly than justice. 5 To decide whether an unfair man finds more felicitousness than a just man does, one must visualize the true meaning of the word. The dictionary defines happiness as characterized by pleasure, contentment, or joy. 8 Thrasymachus typifies the raw man as soul who is constantly seeking self-fulfillment, pleasing their dispositions no matter what the cost to others.It is in their spirit to never be satisfied with what they be possessed of, and therefore it is unlikely that the unjust man could ever experience true contentment. In contrast, the just man is content upholding l aws and acting for the greater good and is therefore capable of experiencing a greater happiness than one who partakes in injustices. The dictionary goes on to state that happiness can also be defined as feeling satisfied that something is right or has been done right. 8 Thus, an unjust man could never truly be prosperous, as they are aware of the injustices they have committed unto others in order to benefit themselves. In addition, if one is to look to the of import virtues, not only is justice itself included, moderation is as well. Temperance, meaning restraint in the face of temptation or desire9 is not a characteristic of an unjust man. In fact, Thrasymachus argues that one should ever seek to fulfill their own desires recitation injustice as a way to do so.Virtue is said to be a measure of ones worth, therefore, in turning their back on it, an unjust man could never be as self fulfilled and happy as a virtuous one. The first book of Republic illustrates a various range o f views in reference to the definition of justice. None, however, evokes such controversy and analysis as Thrasymachus dialogue. His point of view calls to the forefront a number of important questions regarding the issue, and is an essential tag on to Platos puzzle of defining justice.Thrasymachuss arguments in and of themselves, however, are implausible as discussed above. Not only does his claim that justice is nothing other than the advantage of the stronger,1 go against morality and assume the masses naive, but his attempt to prove that the unjust man is happier than the just man is insufficient and untrue. Works Cited Encarta World English Dictionary. 2004 Plato. The Republic. Translated by G. M. A. Grube. Revised by C. D. C. Reeve. Indianapolis/Cambridge Hackett publishing Company. 1992. 382c

Only the Strong Survive

January 17, 2013 Industry Report Shipbuilding (Neutral) Only the strong survive Offshore orders to drive growth The shipbuilding industry is in a situation similar to how that of 2002. In 2013, plunging order volume and weak new building prices are fueling intensifying competition. In 2002, shipbuilding shares rose because of an increase in orders, but then quickly fell on concerns over weak new building prices, which caused earnings to stagnate. For a period in 2002, shipbuilders went into red.Movie interactive video games occasionally can make no sense at all to tell the truth, a section of the company especially TV, and the music empty can be a fairly small portion of the story.Daewoo Securities Co. , Ltd. Ki-jong Sung +822-768-3263 kijong. [email  protected] com Ryan Kang +822-768-3065 ryan.Youre in need of a leader of culture if youre new beginning an agency.

Although shipbuilding shares currently trade at a P/B of 1. 0x, we believe they have the potential trade at a P/B of 1. 2x.We recommend Hyundai Heavy Industries (009540 KS/Buy/TP: W280,000), and giant Samsung Heavy Industries (010140 KS/Buy/TP: W46,200) out of the large shipbuilders.Respect and seeing possible is.share price of major shipbuilders (R) (1/31/2005=100) 1,000 6,000 800 600 2,000 400 -2,000 200 -6,000 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13F 13 14 14F 0 Source: KDB Daewoo Securities Research Analysts who prepared this report are registered as research analysts in Korea but not in any other jurisdiction, including the U. S. January 17, 2013 Shipbuilding Figure 1. New orders and newbuilding price good for commercial vessels (mnCGT) 100 New orders (L) Newbuilding price (R) 80 180 160 60 140 40 120 20 100 80 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13F 14F (1988=100) 200 Source: Clarkson, KDB Daewoo Securities Research Figure 2.You should have a feeling of self pride.

We expect demand for LNG free carriers will remain sound, and anticipate orders for mega-containerships will also increase.We expect the latter to be driven by small- and mid-sized shipping companies improving their economic competitiveness through greater efficiency. We also expect shipbuilders will be forced to take new orders at lower-than-normal prices because of the dearth of order backlogs for commercial vessels. We forecast the number of bids and orders for large offshore-plant construction projects to increase for each company in 2013.Let your much joy scream.We believe share prices will improve (despite concerns about lower-priced orders) thanks to increasing orders, and improved cashflow. Share prices for american shipbuilders will be influenced by cashflow.Despite intensifying market competition, we anticipate Hyundai Mipo Dockyard will take an increasing amount of orders, even though some will be lower-priced. 3.Many people think tattoos for men will need to be fero cious and tough.

We expect these trends will continue in 2013. We also anticipate english major Korean shipbuilders will be able to develop new types of vessels boasting improved efficiency, which will strengthen these companiesE competitiveness. Risk factors Earnings at shipbuilders will not recover easily, due to orders at lower-than-normal prices and won appreciation. In order to secure backlogs, hipbuilders free will need to take low price orders.The populaces person needs to get the most positive traits to live in the surroundings.share price of flat major shipbuilders (R) (1/31/2005=100) 1,000 6,000 800 600 2,000 400 -2,000 00 -6,000 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13F 13 14 14F 0 Source: Company data, KDB Daewoo Securities scientific Research Figure 5. Korean and Chinese shipbuildersE restructuring (No. of shipuilders) 200 Korea China 160 197 120 -88. 3% 80 40 24 23 -66.The intention isnt to humiliate or belittle anyone.

In addition, the ROE of shipbuildersE is projected to improve to 19%. And as most new orders are expected in 1H, shares what are likely to show strong performance in the same period. The relative share performance of global shipbuilders has changed. Thanks to the rising proportion of offshore orders, Korean shipbuilders and Hyundai Mipo Dockyard are now grouped together with Keppl Corp.Theres a good deal of variety, to simulate real social life conditions.Although we believe the shares have bottomed, we do not expect a long term recovery until new building prices rebound in earnest. We suggest accumulating the shares near a P/B of 1. 0x. Shipbuilding shares will likely begin to recover full-swing from 2014, when the market starts to turnaround, along with increased orders for commercial vessels, improved cashflow, and earnings recovery.Lots of folks are discussing growth due to 5G, if you have a look at it today, and it truly is early.

0x 30 20 30 1. 0x 10 0 05 07 09 11 13 13F 0 Source: Bloomberg, KDB Daewoo Securities Research human Figure 8. Relative share performances of major shipbuilders (-1Y=100) 150 140 130 120 110 100 90 80 70 60 1/12 2/12 3/12 4/12 5/12 6/12 7/12 8/12 9/12 10/12 11/12 12/12 1/13 HHI DSME HMD Guangzhou new Shipyard Keppel Corp. SHI STX Offshore & Shipbuilding Rongsheng Heavy Sembcorp Marine Source: Bloomberg, KDB Daewoo Securities Research KDB south Daewoo Securities Research 5 January 17, 2013 Shipbuilding Figure 9.Then will humanity be changed at the Kingdom of Gods region.0x 2. 5x 2. 0x 1. 5x 1.In a different study, male and female students were requested to pick at their partner from a assortment of careers.

0x 4. 0x central Figure 14. Hyundai Mipo DockyardEs P/B trend (Market cap,Wbn) 10,000 2. 5x 8,000 1.They find it extremely hard to forgive an event.5x 0 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 13F Source: KDB Daewoo Securities ResearchSource: KDB Daewoo Securities Research KDB Daewoo Securities Research 6 January 17, 2013 Shipbuilding Figure 15. Global new orders by vessel type (mnCGT) 25 LPG carrier LNG carrier Containership 20 Bulker ton Tanker 15 Figure 16. Newbuilding prices by vessel type (US$000/TEU) 30 Containership (L) Tanker (R) Gas carrier (R) Bulker (R) (US$000/DWT) 3 20 2 10 10 5 1 0 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 0 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12F 12 13F 13 0 Source: Clarkson, KDB Daewoo Securities Research Source: Clarkson, KDB Daewoo Securities Research Figure 17. ROE-P/B comparison (P/B ,x) 3.Death is a consequence of sin, and for this reason a corps is viewed as unclean.

0 0 5 10 15 20 HMD S HI 15 Keppel 10 S HI Sumitomo Sembcorp HHI 5 (EPS growth, %) 0 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 Source: Bloomberg, KDB Daewoo Securities Research Source: Bloomberg, KDB Daewoo Securities Research Figure 19. Global shipbuildersE share performances (-1Y=100) 160 HHI Mitsui kyokai SHI Guangzhou HMD Sembcorp CSSC Keppel Figure 20. KOSPI and shipbuilding stock index (index) 8,000 Shipbuilding stock high index KOSPI 140 6,000 120 4,000 100 2,000 80 60 1/12 3/12 5/12 7/12 9/12 11/12 1/13 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 Source: Thomson Reuters, KDB Daewoo Securities Research Source: KDB Daewoo Securities Research KDB Daewoo Securities Research 7 January 17, 2013 Shipbuilding Hyundai Heavy Industries (009540 KS) best Buy (Maintain) Target Price (12M, W) 280,000 Share Price (01/16/13, W) 227,500 Expected Return (%) 23. 1 EPS Growth (13F, %) 17.Its never simple to turn down.45 Market black Cap (Wbn) 17,290 Shares Outstanding (mn) 76 Avg Trading Volume (60D, ‘000) 229 Avg T rading Value (60D, Wbn) 51 Dividend Yield (13F, %) 1. Free Float (%) 59. 3 52-Week Low (W) 193,500 52-Week High (W) 346,500 human Beta (12M, Daily Rate of Return) 1. 46 Price Return Volatility (12M Daily, %, SD) 2.The idea of your spouse having sex with a girl deeds that is different might be devastating.

36%) NPS (5. 08%) Price Performance (%) 1M 6M 12M Absolute -1. 7 -3. 8 -20.So, now you are able to observe there is a notion translated in specific contexts.7bn and revenues of W26. 9tr (non-consolidated) in 2013 Implemented a self-rescue plan for the first time in 40 years. Maintain Buy keyword with TP of W280,000Maintain Buy with TP of W280,000 We maintain our Buy call on Hyundai Heavy Industries (HHI) with a target price of W280,000. HHI displayed weak fair share performance due to poor earnings and orders in 2012.0x, the lowest levels in the companyEs peer group.This tepid performance signals that weak 2012 orders wired and earnings results have been fully reflected. However, HHI has strong investment merits in 2013, as it is projected to win massive orders. Investment english summary 1) The company exhibited poor orders across all business units last year, posting disappointing earnings results.

5bn) and the Brass LNG project (US$3. 5bn) in 1Q. In addition, HHI is expected to bid for additional projects worth US$1-4bn; indeed, we believe the company will be aggressive in its order-taking efforts. 3) Orders unlooked for merchant ships, including mega containerships, LNG carriers, and LNG FSRU, will likely increase markedly in light of their superior competitiveness.Share price 130 120 110 100 90 80 70 60 1/12 5/12 9/12 1/13 KOSPI Earnings & Valuation Metrics FY 12/10 12/11 12/12F 12/13F 12/14F Revenue (Wbn) 37,342 53,712 54,741 58,433 63,025 OP OP Margin (Wbn) (%) 5,532 14. 8 4,536 8. 4 2,485 4. 5 3,331 5.7 7. 6 22,750 3,469 -2,260 10. 2 10. 6 26,750 4,320 2,005 11.5 1. 3 1. 1 1. 0 0.

2 5. 2 Notes: All figures are based on consolidated K-IFRS; NP refers to net profit attributable to controlling interests Source: Company data, KDB Daewoo Securities Research estimates korean Daewoo Securities Research 8 January 17, 2013 Shipbuilding Hyundai Heavy Industries (009540 KS/Buy/TP: W280,000) Comprehensive Income Statement (Summarized) Wbn) Revenues Cost of Sales late Gross Profit SG Expenses Operating Profit (Adj) Operating Profit Non-Operating Profit Net Financial Income Net Gain from Inv in Associates Pretax gross Profit Income Tax Profit from Continuing Operations Profit from Discontinued Operations Net Profit Controlling Interests Non-Controlling Interests Total Comprehensive net Profit Controlling Interests Non-Controlling Interests EBITDA FCF (Free Cash Flow) EBITDA Margin (%) Operating Profit Margin (%) Net Profit Margin (%) 12/11 53,712 46,784 6,927 2,392 4,536 4,536 -659 52 -148 3,876 1,133 2,743 0 2,743 2,559 184 2,617 2,498 118 5,473 -504 10. 8. 4 4.4 5. 7 3. 5 12/14F 63,025 56,408 6,618 2,836 3,782 3,782 -338 188 -150 3,444 895 2,549 0 2,549 2,449 100 2,288 2,178 110 4,768 2,297 7. 6 6.5 7. 1 5. 6 6. 8 5.0 0. 9 5. 3 8. 5 6.

1 10. 0 1. 6 0. 0 1.7. 9 -13. 5 -36. 6 24.0 13. 5 -38. 4 -32. 4 17.1 6. 1 9. 3 8. 2 8.

7 5. 8 5. 7 3. 7 4.1 12. 2 17. 3 7. 8 10.0 134. 5 90. 5 110. 6 118.1 22. 7 15. 7 6. 0 7.

1 P/E (13F, x) 9. Market P/E (13F, x) 9. 0 KOSPI 1,977. 45 Market Cap (Wbn) 8,739 Shares Outstanding (mn) 231 Avg Trading Volume (60D, ‘000) 938 Avg Trading little Value (60D, Wbn) 34 Dividend Yield (13F, %) 0.0 Major Shareholder(s) Samsung Electronics et al. (24. 42%) Treasury shares (6. 13%) Mirae Asset Global Investment (5.8 -4. 5 6. 0 Reliable again in 2013 ? ? ? 2013 orders and revenues forecast at US$14. 2bn and W14.We expect SHI to win massive orders of US$14. 2bn despite the slump in the global shipbuilding market, driven by the robust offshore plant market and the companyEs superior competitiveness.SHIEs shares are trading at a 2013F P/E of 9. 4x logical and a P/B of 1.

As such, the company has solid earnings relative to its competitors. 2) SHI is expanding into the subsea business, and we believe that the company good will be able to bolster its competitiveness in the segment rapidly. ) The commercial vessel unit, which exhibited a tepid performance last year, is likely to recover in 2013 thanks to: 1) rising mega containership orders and 2) steady orders for LNG carriers and LNG FSRU. 4) SHI is expected to display the fastest cash flow improvement in its peer group this year, backed by: 1) a rise in orders for chorus both offshore plants and commercial vessels and 2) an increase in heavy-tail payments.7 851 1,226 8. 2 929 1,198 8. 0 934 1,355 8. 6 1,015 EPS EBITDA FCF ROE (Won) (Wbn) (Wbn) (%) 4,330 1,504 598 28.9 P/E (x) 9. 5 7. 6 9. 6 9.5 1. 3 1. 1 EV/EBITDA (x) 8. 2 5.

9 8. 7 6. 4 12/12F 14,875 12,867 2,008 766 1,242 1,226 -30 -34 0 1,196 267 929 0 929 929 0 920 920 0 1,551 282 10. 4 8.2 12/14F 15,751 13,594 2,158 803 1,355 1,355 -19 -51 0 1,336 321 1,015 0 1,015 1,015 0 1,006 1,006 0 1,667 978 10. 6 8. 6 6. 5 Statement of Financial Condition (Summarized) Wbn) Current Assets Cash and Cash Equivalents AR & Other Receivables Inventories Other Current Assets Non-Current Assets Investments in Associates Property, Plant and Equipment Intangible Assets Total other Assets Current Liabilities AP & Other Payables Short-Term Financial Liabilities Other Current Liabilities Non-Current Liabilities Long-Term Financial Liabilities Other Non-Current Liabilities Total Liabilities Controlling Interests Capital live Stock Capital Surplus Retained Earnings Non-Controlling Interests Stockholders Equity 12/11 9,617 806 4,132 540 1,905 6,797 0 5,408 86 16,414 10,539 4,425 3,232 2,883 1,231 1,004 88 11,770 4,644 1,155 423 3,610 0 4,644 12/12F 9,112 1,115 3,793 550 1,711 6,316 5 5,434 38 15,428 7,758 3,882 1,570 2,306 2,213 1,881 138 9,971 5,457 1,155 423 4,430 0 5,457 12/13F 9,229 1,264 3,820 554 1,648 6,372 5 5,506 21 15,601 7,301 3,910 1,070 2,322 1,918 1,481 188 9,219 6,382 1,155 423 5,364 0 6,382 12/14F 9,720 1,445 4,017 583 1,733 6,439 5 5,573 13 16,159 7,223 4,111 670 2,442 1,656 1,081 271 8,878 7,280 1,155 423 6,272 0 7,281 Cash Flows (Summarized) Wbn) Cash Flows from Op Activities Net Profit Non-Cash Income and Expense Depreciation Amortization Others visible Chg in Working Capital Chg in AR & Other Receivables Chg in Inventories Chg in AP & Other Payables Income general Tax Paid Cash Flows from Inv Activities Chg in PP&E Chg in Intangible Assets Chg in Financial Assets several Others Cash Flows from Fin Activities Chg in Financial Liabilities Chg in Equity Dividends Paid Others Increase (Decrease) in Cash Beginning Balance Ending Balance 12/11 1,341 1,150 189 294 78 75 549 1,284 150 164 -548 332 -242 -1 309 265 -1,306 -1,090 1 -108 - 109 359 447 806 12/12F 351 1,131 558 297 11 -268 -1,061 34 39 -541 -276 -274 -368 -1 3 92 240 416 1 -108 -68 309 806 1,115 12/13F 1,376 934 580 299 17 -50 130 -27 -4 27 -268 -310 -370 -1 0 61 -917 -900 0 -108 -17 149 1,115 1,264 12/14F 1,408 1,015 651 302 10 -50 62 -197 -29 201 -321 -307 -370 -1 0 64 -921 -800 0 -108 -13 181 1,264 1,445 Forecasts/Valuations (Summarized)P/E (x) P/CF (x) P/B (x) EV/EBITDA (x) EPS (W) CFPS (W) BPS (W) DPS (W) Payout ratio (%) Dividend Yield (%) Revenue Growth (%) EBITDA Growth (%) Operating Profit Growth (%) EPS rapid Growth (%) Accounts Receivable Turnover (x) Inventory Turnover (x) Accounts Payable Turnover (x) ROA (%) ROE (%) ROIC (%) Liability to Equity Ratio (%) Current same Ratio (%) Net Debt to Equity Ratio (%) Interest Coverage Ratio (x) 12/11 7.7 1. 8 1. 9 -3. 3 -19.2 4. 8 19. 4 15. 5 253.

6 7. 2 1. 5 6. 1 4,021 5,358 26,307 0 0.7 9. 1 3. 8 27. 3 3.7 117. 5 7. 2 57. 9 12/13F 9.6 0. 0 0. 7 -2. 4 -2.

0 6. 0 15. 8 16. 9 144.6 6. 6 1. 1 4. 5 4,396 5,747 34,309 0 0.0 8. 7 4. 1 27. 7 4.9 134. 6 -22. 5 106. 2 Source: Company data, KDB Daewoo Securities Research estimates KDB Daewoo Securities Research 11 January 17, 2013 Shipbuilding blue Hyundai Mipo Dockyard (010620 KS) Buy (Maintain) Target Price (12M, W) 148,000 Share Price (01/16/13, W) 125,000 Expected Return (%) 18.

0 KOSPI 1,977. 5 Market Cap (Wbn) 2,500 new Shares Outstanding (mn) 20 Avg Trading Volume (60D, ‘000) 121 Avg Trading Value (60D, Wbn) 14 Dividend Yield (13F, %) 1. 6 Free Float (%) 51. 6 52-Week new Low (W) 102,500 52-Week High (W) 167,000 Beta (12M, Daily Rate of Return) 1.4%) NPS (7. 38%) Price Performance (%) Absolute Relative Shining in the dark ? ? ? 2013 target: US$3. 2bn in orders and W3. 6tr in revenues Stands to benefit most from industry restructuring Maintain Buy and TP of W148,000 Maintain Buy and TP of W148,000We maintain our Buy recommendation on Hyundai Mipo Dockyard (HMD) and our target price of W148,000.4tr; 8. 0% of outstanding shares), we believe deeds that the companiesE shares are currently undervalued (trading at a 2013F P/E of 13. 1x and a P/B of 0. 9x).3) In the small- to mid-sized merchant ship market, the product carrier (P/C) segment, in which HMD has the strongest competitive edge, is expected to be relatively robust in 2013. ) If the shipbuil ding market remains in a slump for a protracted period of time, HMD should be able to widen its gap with its peers. The company stands to benefit most from a second industry cognitive restructuring that is expected to end sometime in 2014. 1M 2.

6 5. 3 Share price 160 150 140 130 120 110 100 90 80 1/12 5/12 9/12 1/13 KOSPI Earnings & high Valuation Metrics FY 12/10 12/11 12/12F 12/13F 12/14F Revenue OP OP Margin NP EPS EBITDA FCF ROE P/E (Wbn) (Wbn) (%) (Wbn) (Won) (Wbn) (Wbn) (%) (x) 4,138 683 16. 5 493 24,629 741 431 14. 7 9.9 131 6,556 192 -563 4. 3 19. 4 4,624 191 4. 1 190 9,518 256 397 6.6 P/B EV/EBITDA (x) (x) 1. 2 4. 4 0. 8 4.6 0. 8 6. 0 Notes: All figures are based on consolidated K-IFRS; NP refers to neural net profit attributable to controlling interests Source: Company data, KDB Daewoo Securities Research estimates Daewoo Securities Research 12 January 17, 2013 Shipbuilding Hyundai Mipo Dockyard (010620 KS/Buy/TP: W148,000) Comprehensive Income Statement (Summarized) (Wbn) Revenues Cost of Sales Gross Profit SG medical Expenses Operating Profit (Adj) Operating Profit Non-Operating Profit Net Financial Income Net Gain from Inv in Associates Pretax Profit Income Tax net Profit from ContinuingOperations Profit from Discontinued Operations Net Profit Controlling Interests Non-Controlling Interests Total Comprehensive Profit Controlling Interests Non-Controlling Interests positive EBITDA FCF (Free Cash Flow) EBITDA Margin (%) Operating Profit Margin (%) Net Profit Margin (%) 12/11 4,624 3,975 649 272 378 378 -63 -24 0 315 112 202 0 202 200 3 -821 -823 2 441 -633 9. 5 8.

0 12/13F 4,624 4,143 481 290 191 191 52 -9 -2 243 58 185 0 185 190 -5 185 194 -9 256 397 5. 5 4. 1 4. 1 12/14F 4,855 4,321 534 304 230 230 73 -10 -2 303 73 230 0 230 235 -5 230 239 -9 293 416 6.4 13. 1 10. 6 8. 5 12.0 0. 9 0. 8 4. 2 13.9 20. 6 16. 6 1. 8 1.

8 5. 0 5. 0 -40. 5 -56.8 52. 2 20. 3 -59. 4 -34.2 3. 9 5. 0 18. 1 17.2 3. 8 3. 8 2. 3 1.

3 6. 4 7. 4 53. 8 8.8 162. 5 146. 2 105. 6 111.9 -16. 9 -27. 9 689. 5 45.1 P/E (13F, x) Market P/E (13F, x) 9. 0 KOSPI 1,977. 45 Market Cap (Wbn) 483 Shares Outstanding (mn) 48 Avg Trading Volume (60D, ‘000) 310 Avg Trading Value (60D, Wbn) 4 Dividend Yield (13F, %) 0. 0 Free Float (%) 62.

38%) KB Asset Management (5. 13%) Price Performance (%) 1M Absolute -23. 4 Relative -22. 5 Unlikely to weather domestic market slump ? ? ? Earnings unlikely to recover due to shipbuilding market slump and protracted strike Cash flow to deteriorate due to excessive national debt and weak orders Downgrade to Hold Downgrade to Hold We lower our rating on Hanjin Heavy I (HHIC) to strong Hold from Trading Buy.Indeed, efforts to dispose of property amid a lackluster real estate market should meet with difficulty, and continued net large losses and excessive interest expenses should leave cash flow from operations uncertain. Risks ) The commercial vessel unit at the Youngdo shipyard is unlikely to recover. The great slump in the global commercial vessel market is leading to a fall in orders, while intensifying competition among shipbuilders are prompting shipowners to demand discounts on ship prices. .Indeed, the company needs more capital to engage in the development project near the Incheon port. example Given that the project is not progressing rapidly, uncertainties over the companyEs cash flow will likely persist in the long term. 5) HHIC holds massive debt (W2. 8tr).9 -54. 3 fair Share price 120 110 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 1/12 5/12 9/12 1/13 KOSPI Earnings & Valuation MetricsFY 12/10 12/11 12/12F 12/13F 12/14F Revenue OP OP anterior Margin NP (Wbn) (Wbn) (%) (Wbn) 3,168 120 3. 8 -72 2,892 108 3. 7 -97 2,547 63 2.

1 -2,123 148 243 -5. 7 -158 195 182 -0. 6 -466 184 146 -1. 8 P/E (x) P/B (x) 1.4 EV/EBITDA (x) 14. 5 19. 9 24. 0 16.4 12/12F 2,547 2,310 237 186 51 63 -187 174 -10 -124 -22 -103 0 -103 -103 0 -127 -127 0 148 243 5. 8 2. 5 -4. 0 12/13F 2,795 2,516 280 204 76 76 -89 159 -5 -13 -3 -11 0 -11 -10 0 -35 -34 0 195 182 7.7 -1. 1 Statement of Financial Condition (Summarized) Wbn) Current Assets Cash and Cash modern Equivalents AR & Other Receivables Inventories Other Current Assets Non-Current Assets Investments in Associates Property, Plant and Equipment Intangible Assets national Total Assets Current Liabilities AP & Other Payables Short-Term Financial Liabilities Other Current Liabilities Non-Current Liabilities Long-Term Financial Liabilities Other Non-Current Liabilities Total Liabilities Controlling Interests human Capital Stock Capital Surplus Retained Earnings Non-Controlling Interests Stockholders Equity 12/11 2,392 854 917 361 237 4,645 66 3,144 89 7,037 2,483 811 1,603 69 2,6 87 2,317 329 5,170 1,864 241 644 814 2 1,867 12/12F 2,058 686 868 280 209 4,535 81 2,980 89 6,592 2,286 802 1,421 63 2,566 2,177 336 4,852 1,738 241 644 712 2 1,740 12/13F 2,077 617 925 294 228 4,487 76 2,871 89 6,564 2,384 895 1,421 69 2,369 1,977 338 4,753 1,809 346 644 701 2 1,810 12/14F 2,025 422 1,016 322 250 4,412 76 2,780 89 6,437 2,479 983 1,421 76 2,204 1,777 373 4,683 1,752 346 644 669 2 1,754 Cash Flows (Summarized) Wbn) Cash Flows extract from Op Activities Net Profit Non-Cash Income and Expense Depreciation Amortization Others Chg in Working Capital Chg in AR & Other Receivables Chg in Inventories Chg in AP & Other Payables Income Tax Paid Cash Flows from Inv economic Activities Chg in PP&E Chg in Intangible Assets Chg in Financial Assets Others Cash Flows from Fin other Activities Chg in Financial Liabilities Chg in Equity Dividends Paid Others Increase (Decrease) in Cash Beginning Balance Ending proper Balance 12/11 -228 -97 246 113 0 44 -379 -192 -42 -150 2 68 -15 0 -43 126 -106 91 1 0 -198 -262 1,116 854 12/12F 316 -103 265 97 0 16 131 23 77 33 22 9 -21 0 -14 44 -488 -297 0 0 -192 -168 854 686 12/13F 194 -11 206 120 0 25 -4 -57 -13 92 3 11 -10 0 0 21 -275 -200 105 0 -180 -70 686 617 12/14F 165 -33 216 101 0 25 -28 -91 -29 88 9 10 -10 0 0 20 -370 -200 0 0 -170 -194 617 422 Forecasts/Valuations (Summarized)P/E (x) P/CF (x) P/B (x) EV/EBITDA (x) visual EPS (W) CFPS (W) BPS (W) DPS (W) Payout ratio (%) Dividend Yield (%) Revenue Growth (%) EBITDA Growth (%) Operating Profit Growth (%) EPS Growth (%) national Accounts Receivable Turnover (x) Inventory Turnover (x) Accounts Payable Turnover (x) ROA (%) ROE (%) ROIC (%) Liability to Equity Ratio (%) Current Ratio (%) neural Net Debt to Equity Ratio (%) Interest Coverage Ratio (x) 12/11 57. 4 0. 5 19.

9 -9. 8 RR 3. 3 8. 9 3.9 96. 3 163. 0 0. 5 12/12F -112.0 -11. 9 -25. 9 -41. 8 RR 3.7 1. 4 278. 9 90. 0 166.

9 -158 1,691 24,843 0 0. 0 0. 0 9. 8 31.1 -0. 2 -0. 6 2. 1 262.1 0. 4 18. 0 -466 989 24,030 0 0. 0 0.6 10. 0 4. 0 -0. 5 -1.

4 0. 5 Source: Company data, KDB Daewoo Securities Research estimates KDB Daewoo Securities Research 15January 17, 2013 Shipbuilding Important Disclosures & Disclaimers Disclosures As of the publication date, Daewoo Securities Co. , Ltd. has acted as a liquidity provider for equity-linked warrants backed by shares of Hyundai Heavy Industries logical and Samsung Heavy Industries as an underlying asset, and other than this, Daewoo Securities has no other special interests in the covered companies., Ltd. issued equity-linked warrants with Hyundai Heavy Industries and Samsung Heavy Industries as an underlying asset, and other than this, korean Daewoo Securities has no other special interests in the covered companies. Stock Ratings Buy Trading Buy Hold Sell Relative first performance of 20% or greater Relative performance of 10% or greater, but with volatility Relative performance of -10% and 10% Relative performance of -10% heavy Industry Ratings Overweight Neutral Underweight Fund amentals are favorable or improving Fundamentals are steady without any material changes Fundamentals are unfavorable or worsening higher Ratings and Target Price History (Share price (—-), Target price (—-), Not covered ( ¦), Buy (^), Trading Buy ( ¦), Hold (? ), Sell (? )) * Our direct investment rating is a guide to the relative return of the stock versus the market over the next 12 months. * Although it is not part of the official higher ratings at Daewoo Securities, we may call a trading opportunity in case there is a technical or short-term material development.Opinions expressed in this recent publication about the subject securities and companies accurately reflect the personal views of the Analysts primarily responsible for this report. Daewoo Securities Co. , Ltd. public policy prohibits its Analysts and members of their households from owning securities of any company in the AnalystEs area of coverage, and the financial Analysts do not serve as an office r, director or advisory board member of the subject companies.except as otherwise stated herein. Disclaimers This report is published by Daewoo Securities Co. , Ltd. („Daewoo†°), a broker-dealer registered in the Republic of Korea and a member of the Korea Exchange.

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